We consider a superconductor with surface suppression of the BCS pairing constant $\lambda(x)$. We analytically find the gap in the surface density of states (DOS), behavior of the DOS $\nu(E)$ above the gap, a ``vertical'' peculiarity of the DOS around an energy equal to the bulk order parameter $\Delta_0$, and a perturbative correction to the DOS at higher energies. The surface gap in the DOS is parametrically different from the surface value of the order parameter due to a difference between the spatial scale $r_c$, at which $\lambda(x)$ is suppressed, and the coherence length. The vertical peculiarity implies an infinite-derivative inflection point of the DOS curve at $E=\Delta_0$ with square-root behavior as $E$ deviates from $\Delta_0$. The coefficients of this dependence are different at $E < \Delta_0$ and $E > \Delta_0$, so the peculiarity is asymmetric. The talk is based on the paper [Ya.V. Fominov, A.A. Mazanik, M.V. Razumovskiy, Phys. Rev. B 100, 224513 (2019)].

Formation of unusual textures of polarization is imminent for nano-scale ferroelectric samples, films, rods, and granules, where the depolarization surface effects play the crucial role. The topologically protected stability of such textures and security of information storage is coming from polarization vorticity, provided by condition of absence of the energetically-unfavorable depolarization charge. The endurance of ferroelectric formations with respect to high-energy irradiation makes them ideal for the aerospace industry, and the periodic domain walls structures can be used as a platform for terahertz radiation generators and detection devices. Polarization domains that alternate the surface charge distribution can be formed in ferroelectric thin films as an effective mechanism to confine the depolarization field to the near-surface layer and diminish the depolarization energy. However their existence have long been considered as barely possible until the direct theoretical predictions [1-3] and experimental evidences [4-6] in thin oxide-based superlattices. Very recently we have demonstrated that the effective capacitance of ferroelectric layers with domains is negative [7]. This effect is explained by the opposite orientation of the depolarizing field with respect to the field-induced averaged polarization. This phenomenon is currently considered as the platform for realization of the dissipation-free high performance nano-circuits [8]. Moreover, in sub-THz region the resonance plasmonic effect can be induced by oscillating domain walls [9] and can be suitable for design of the ultra-small low-energy THz chips. Multi-vortex [10] and skyrmion [11] states can be formed inside ferroelectric cylindrical nano-dots and nanorods to reduce the depolarization energy. We study the stability of such states and demonstrate that the topological class of the most stable topological excitations can be driven by the geometrical and electrical parameters of the system, external field and temperature. We target the multi-domain and topological excitations in FE nanodots as a platform for IT-secured multivalued logic units, breaking ground for neuromorphic computing [12,13].

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[2] V. A. Stephanovich, I. A. Luk'yanchuk, and M. G. Karkut, Phys. Rev. Lett., 94, 047601 (2005)
[3] I. Luk'yanchuk, L. Lahoche, and A. Sene, Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 147601 (2009)
[4] S. K. Streiffer, J. A. Eastman, D. D. Fong et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 067601 (2002);
[5] S. O. Hruszkewycz, M. J. Highland, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.110, 177601 (2013).
[6] Yadav, A. K., Nelson,et al.. Nature, 530 (7589), 198. (2016)
[7] P. Zubko, M. Hadjimichael, S. Fernandez-Pena, A. Sené, I. Luk’yanchuk, J.-M. Triscone & J. Íñiguez, Nature, 534, 524 (2016)
[8] Khan, A. I., Chatterjee, K., Wang B. et al. Nature Materials 14, 182–186 (2015).
[9] I. Luk'yanchuk, A.Pakhomov, A.Sené, A. Sidorkin, V. Vinokur, arXiv:1410.3124
[10] G. Pascoli L. Lahoche, I. Luk'yanchuk, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 99, 60 (2008)
[11] L Baudry, A Sené, IA Luk'yanchuk, L Lahoche, and JF Scott, Phys. Rev. B 90, 024102 (2014)
[12] P.-W. Martelli, S. M. Mefire, I. Luk'yanchuk, Europhys. Lett. 111, 50001 (2015)
[13] Baudry, L., Lukyanchuk, I. & Vinokur, V. M. Sci. Rep. 7: 42196 (2017)

The deformed Virasoro algebra is closely related to the so called RSOS (restricted solid-on-solid) models, which are two-dimensional exactly solvable lattice models of statistical mechanics. An important role in studying these models belongs to form factor, i.e. matrix elements in the quantum space of the transfer matrix with respect to eigenvectors of the transfer matrix. These form factors are explicitly expressed in terms of traces of vertex operators over representations of the deformed Virasoro algebra. It was observed some time ago that some excitations in the quantum space of RSOS models coincide. Nevertheless, the explicit expressions for the corresponding matrix elements differ, and their coincidence can only be established by numerical evaluation or expansions in small parameters. We found a homotopy operator that relates representatives of coincident excitations in the free field representation of the deformed Virasoro algebra. Thus, we showed that the corresponding traces over representation of the deformed Virasoro algebra coincide, whence the identities between form factors follow.

Many model physical and engineering problems admit closed form solutions in terms of function-theoretic objects on Riemann surfaces or spaces of their moduli. We consider issues of effective and robust calculation of such objects (Abelian integrals, their periods, linear and quadratic differentials, meromorphic functions ...) for surfaces of a high genus (greater than one). Examples of solving several problems will be given.